35(2):e77-80.Īllen A, Fisher C, Premawardhena A, Bandara D, Perera A, Allen S. Transient neonatal cyanosis associated with a new Hb F variant: Hb F Viseu. 33(6):370-3.īento C, Magalhães Maia T, Carvalhais I, Moita F, Abreu G, Relvas L, et al. Life-threatening methemoglobinemia in infants with diarrhea and acidosis. Methylene blue induced cyanosis and acute hemolytic anemia complicating the treatment of methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia: from diagnosis to treatment. 573-80.ĭo Nascimento TS, Pereira RO, de Mello HL, Costa J. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders 2012. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Slberstein LE, Heslop H, Weitz J, Anastasi J, eds. Hemoglobin Variants Associated With Hemolytic Anemia, Altered Oxygen Affinity, and Methemoglobinemias.
St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book 1997.īenz EJ Jr, Ebert BL. Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. In: Rosen P, Barkin R, Danzl DF, et al, eds. Seek immediate help if you experience bleeding that can’t be controlled by the usual first-aid techniques, such as applying pressure to the area.Ludlow JT, Wilkerson RG, Nappe TM. Bleeding that won’t stop is a medical emergency. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any warning signs that worry you. Though rare, severe thrombocytopenia can cause bleeding into the brain, which can be fatal.
Examples include heparin, quinine, sulfa-containing antibiotics and anticonvulsants.ĭangerous internal bleeding can occur when your platelet count falls below 10,000 platelets per microliter. Sometimes a drug confuses the immune system and causes it to destroy platelets. Medications. Certain medications can reduce the number of platelets in your blood.coli) infection, such as may be acquired from eating raw or undercooked meat. Sometimes it can occur in association with a bacterial Escherichia coli (E. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. This rare disorder causes a sharp drop in platelets, destruction of red blood cells and impairment of kidney function.Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This is a rare condition that occurs when small blood clots suddenly form throughout your body, using up large numbers of platelets.Bacteria in the blood. Severe bacterial infections involving the blood (bacteremia) may lead to destruction of platelets.If the exact cause of this condition isn’t known, it’s called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. Immune thrombocytopenia. This type is caused by autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.Pregnancy. Thrombocytopenia caused by pregnancy is usually mild and improves soon after childbirth.This leads to a shortage of platelets in your bloodstream. Some conditions can cause your body to use up or destroy platelets more rapidly than they’re produced. Viral infections, such as hepatitis C or HIV.Factors that can decrease platelet production include: If production is low, you may develop thrombocytopenia. Platelets are produced in your bone marrow. An enlarged spleen - which can be caused by a number of disorders - may harbor too many platelets, causing a decrease in the number of platelets in circulation. Normally, your spleen works to fight infection and filter unwanted material from your blood. The spleen is a small organ about the size of your fist located just below your rib cage on the left side of your abdomen. Whatever the cause, circulating platelets are reduced by one or more of the following processes: Thrombocytopenia can be inherited or it may be caused by a number of medications or conditions. Jaundice occurs when there is too much bilirubin (a yellow pigment) in the blood-a condition called hyperbilirubinemia.
In jaundice, the skin and whites of the eyes look yellow. You might also find them inside your mouth or on your eyelids. They usually appear on your arms, legs, stomach, and buttocks. Petechiae are tiny purple, red, or brown spots on the skin. Superficial bleeding into the skin that appears as a rash of pinpoint-sized reddish-purple spots (petechiae), usually on the lower legs. The spots may also appear on organs or mucous membranes, including the membranes on the inside of the mouth. Purpura, also called blood spots or skin hemorrhages, refers to purple-colored spots that are most recognizable on the skin. Thrombocytopenia signs and symptoms may include: In rare cases, the number of platelets may be so low that dangerous internal bleeding occurs. Thrombocytopenia may be mild and cause few signs or symptoms. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications. Thrombocytopenia can occur as a result of a separate disorder, such as leukemia or an immune system problem. A low platelet count is known as thrombocytopenia.